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Caslon Language Education Index

A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, J, K, L, M, N, O, P, Q, R, S, T, U, V, W, X, Y, Z

language allocation

• Percentage of the instructional day spent in each language in a bilingual or dual-language program. Teaching for Biliteracy by Karen Beeman and Cheryl Urow

language experience approach (LEA)

• A method of writing instruction in which the teacher puts students’ oral language into print, enabling students to create a comprehensible text in their own words directly related to a shared experience. Teaching for Biliteracy by Karen Beeman and Cheryl Urow

language-majority student

• Speaker of the language used by the majority of the people in the country (e.g., English speaker in the United States). Teaching for Biliteracy by Karen Beeman and Cheryl Urow

language-minority student

• Speaker of a language other than the one used by the majority of the people in the country (e.g., Spanish speaker in the United States); also referred to as an English language learner or a two-language learner. Teaching for Biliteracy by Karen Beeman and Cheryl Urow

• A term applied to students who come from a minority group and speak a language other than English, including those whose first language is not English or those who speak a variety of English, as used in a foreign country or U.S. possession, that is so distinct that ELL instruction is necessary (e.g. Liberian English). These students may or may not be proficient in English.Teaching Adolescent English Language Learners by Nancy Cloud, Judah Lakin, Erin Leininger, Laura Maxwell

letras tramposas (tricky letters)

• Letters in Spanish that produce the same sound (e.g., b/v; c/s/z; c/qu/; j/g; ll/y). They are described as “tricky” because the phonology of Spanish is otherwise regular and transparent. They are often the focus of a word wall in Spanish. Teaching for Biliteracy by Karen Beeman and Cheryl Urow

linear discourse pattern

• A communication style often associated with English that involves the use of a minimal number of words to get to the point directly. Contrasts with circular discourse pattern. Teaching for Biliteracy by Karen Beeman and Cheryl Urow

linguistic borrowing

• A characteristic of Spanish in the United States; the use of English words that retain the English meaning (e.g., “lonche”–lunch; “bills”–bills; “puchar”–push). Teaching for Biliteracy by Karen Beeman and Cheryl Urow

linguistic creativity

• Term used in this book to describe the ways students use Spanish and English together. Teaching for Biliteracy by Karen Beeman and Cheryl Urow

literacy

• The ability to use listening, speaking, reading, and writing in a variety of contexts and for a variety of purposes to interact with and understand the world. Teaching for Biliteracy by Karen Beeman and Cheryl Urow