Caslon Language Education Wikimedia (B)

Caslon Language Education Index

A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, J, K, L, M, N, O, P, Q, R, S, T, U, V, W, X, Y, Z

balanced bilingual

• Term often used to describe someone equally fluent in two languages (at the level of an educated person) (also ambilingual, equilingual, maximal bilingual, symmetrical bilingual). Foundations for Multilingualism in Education by Ester de Jong

banking model of teaching

• View of teaching that stresses the expert role of a teacher in transmitting a body of knowledge to students. Foundations for Multilingualism in Education by Ester de Jong

basic interpersonal communication skills (BICS)

• A term coined by Jim Cumminsthat refers to the type of language proficiency that is acquired through face-to-face communication and that is necessary for social interactions, including those that occur in a classroom. This type of conversational language proficiency is both context embedded (the context makes the meaning clear) and cognitively undemanding (the concept is easily acquired). BICS or conversational language proficiency develops relatively quickly, usually within two years, provided the learner has access to English speakers (see CALP). Teaching Adolescent English Language Learners by Nancy Cloud, Judah Lakin, Erin Leininger, Laura Maxwell

bias

• Tendency toward a particular ideology, result, or preference. When applied to tests, it implies that the test systematically advantages or disadvantages a particular group of students on a particular criterion not considered relevant for outcomes, such as race or gender. Foundations for Multilingualism in Education by Ester de Jong

big idea

• Statement, also referred to as an essential or enduring understanding, grounded in learning standards and a theme. Teaching for Biliteracy by Karen Beeman and Cheryl Urow

Bilingual Education Act

• Title VII of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act funding bilingual education at the federal level between 1968 and 2000. Foundations for Multilingualism in Education by Ester de Jong

bilingual learner

• Student whose knowledge is shared across two languages. In this book, used synonymously with two-language learner. Teaching for Biliteracy by Karen Beeman and Cheryl Urow
• Children who are acquiring two or more languages at home and at school (also: emergent bilingual).Foundations for Multilingualism in Education by Ester de Jong

Bilingual program

• A program that uses two languages for instruction. In bilingual programs in the United States, English language learners receive content instruction in their native language and English as a second language instruction. There are different types of bilingual education programs, including transitional bilingual education (TBE), developmental bilingual education (DBE), and dual-language or two-way immersion programs (TWI). The differences stem from the length of time students are placed in the program and how dedicated the program is to cultivating lasting knowledge and growth in the primary language. TBE programs use the native language temporarily, and the goal is to transition to English, whereas DBE programs aim to maintain the native language while developing proficiency in English. Like DBE programs, dual language or two-way immersion programs also seek to promote bilingualism, biliteracy, and biculturalism for all students enrolled. (see dual–language program; see two-way immersion program). Teaching Adolescent English Language Learners by Nancy Cloud, Judah Lakin, Erin Leininger, Laura Maxwell

bilingualism/multilingualism

• The ability to understand and use two (or more) languages in particular contexts and for particular purposes. Bilinguals can have the same levels of proficiency in both languages (e.g., advanced in both) or different levels of proficiency (e.g., advanced in one and beginning or intermediate in the other). Bilinguals do not necessarily have the same level of proficiency in speaking, listening, reading, and writing in the languages they know. Teaching Adolescent English Language Learners by Nancy Cloud, Judah Lakin, Erin Leininger, Laura Maxwell
• Competence in two languages developed by individual speakers (also: bilinguality) Foundations for Multilingualism in Education by Ester de Jong

biliteracy

• The ability to read, write, and speak in two languages for a range of communication purposes. Teaching for Biliteracy by Karen Beeman and Cheryl Urow
• The ability to read and write in two languages. Usually refers to full proficiency in both languages and the ability to read and write at age-appropriate levels in both languages. Teaching Adolescent English Language Learners by Nancy Cloud, Judah Lakin, Erin Leininger, Laura Maxwell

Bridge, the

• The instructional moment in teaching for biliteracy when teachers bring the two languages together, guiding students to actively engage in contrastive analysis of the two languages by visually placing them side by side and to transfer the academic content they have learned in one language to the other language. Teaching for Biliteracy by Karen Beeman and Cheryl Urow

Bridge anchor chart

• Visual support that demonstrates similarities and differences between Spanish and English. Teaching for Biliteracy by Karen Beeman and Cheryl Urow

bridging

• Making cross-linguistic connections. Teaching for Biliteracy by Karen Beeman and Cheryl Urow

Brown v. Board of Education

• 1954 Supreme Court ruling that segregation (of African Americans) is unconstitutional, declaring that “separate educational facilities are inherently unequal.” Foundations for Multilingualism in Education by Ester de Jong